1946年政协会议简论——召开的动力、党派力量对比及各方对其评价

On the Political Consultative Conference in 1946

1946年1月召开的政治协商会议是20世纪中国最重要的制宪会议与民主盛会之一。本文依据大量史料考察了1946年政治协商会议召开的推动因素、参会党派力量对比以及政协会议闭幕后的各方评价。政协会议由国共双方、中间党派与美国四方合力促成。参加政协会议的五方党派38名代表中,中间党派在数量上远远超过国共;从对国共的政治立场看,则支持国共双方的力量相当;从对民主宪政的追求看,大多数中间党派表达了强烈的民主要求。政治协商会议所达成的五大协议,得到了各方广泛赞誉,并为中共后来的新政协运动和多党合作奠定了政治基础。

The Political Consultative Conference held in January 1946 was one of the most important constitutional conferences and grand democratic meetings in China in 20th century. In accordance with a vast amount of historical data the paper inspected the promotive elements for the political consultative conference in 1946, the strength contrast of partisans participating in the conference and evaluations of all parties after the meeting. The political conference was facilitated by four parties including the Kuomintang, the Communist Party, the middle partisans and The United States. In 38 representatives of 5 partisans participating in the conference the quantity of the middle partisan far exceeded that of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Judging from the political stand the strength supporting the two parties was about equal. From the pursuit of democratic constitutionalism the most middle partisans strongly expressed the democratic demand. The 5 agreements reached by the political consultative conference were widely praised by all parties and laid a political foundation for the new political consultative movement and the multi-party cooperation of Chinese Communist Party.