福州茶园节肢动物群落季节消长研究

Seasonal dynamics of arthropod community at tea plantation in Fuzhou

通过在福建农林大学园艺学院教学实习茶园的系统调查表明:共查得节肢动物2纲、18目、90科、152属、169种。其中:害虫(包括螨类)2纲、9目、40科、74属、77种;中性昆虫3目、7属、8～10种;天敌(不包括肉食性益螨在内)2纲、11目、47科、73属、83种。茶园节肢动物的群落由于生态环境较好,较少使用化学农药,虽然各类节肢动物的种类较多,可是种群数量较少,年中多数时间均处于较好的平衡状态,它们的多样性指数、均匀度指数波动不大。茶园节肢动物群落的种群数量可受季节、气候、茶树生长和采摘等因素影响,冬季11月至早春3月节肢动物越冬期间,它们的种群数量较少;随着春季气温回升,茶园节肢动物群落的种群数量也逐渐增加;5～10月茶树生长旺季,节肢动物的种群数量也处于繁衍活跃时期;10月以后因气温下降,茶园节肢动物的生长活动也相应减缓,直至越冬阶段种群数量日渐减少。茶园天敌与害虫的种群数量消长趋势基本相似,天敌的数量消长呈现一定的跟随现象。

An investigation on the seasonal dynamics of arthropod community was conducted at the tea plantation in the Campus of Fujian Agriculture and Forest University(FAFU) from 2004 to 2005.Altogether,169 arthropod species,belonging to 152 genera, 90 families and 18 orders in Insecta and Arachnida,were found.According to their general food habits,the arthropod community could be divided into3 sub-communities,which were pest,neutral insect and natural enemy.Among them,77 species,belonging to 74 genera,40 families in 9 orders,consisted of the pests;8-10 species,belonging to 7 genera of 3 orders were neutral insects and 83 species belonging to 73 genera,47 families in 11 orders made up the natural enemies.The arthropod community varied with weather,growing phase of tea and farming operations,etc.Since few chemical insecticides were used within the past years,the population densities of arthropod community kept at a comparatively low level throughout the year despite the fact that highest diversity index and eveness index were found from June to July and September to October.The dynamics of natural enemy subcommunity and pest subcommunities were consistent with each other.