从因果关系要件解读船舶碰撞致油污损害的请求权竞合

To explain the overlapping claimant from the oil pollution caused by ships collision

从因果关系论述入手,论述船舶碰撞和船舶油污的海上侵权,适用相当因果关系说,判断侵权行为与损害结果的因果关系,并结合法律目的或法律规定,确定海上侵权损害的赔偿范围。在论述因果关系的基础上,明确提出船舶碰撞并导致油污损害的两个侵权法律关系的受害者,存在侵权请求权的竞合,油污受害方对漏油方可选择油污侵权之诉,在特殊情况下,也可能选择碰撞侵权之诉,从而适用海商法中不同的侵权法律制度,以体现最大限度地保护侵权受害方的立法目的。

The paper studying from the causation held that the ships' collision and oil pollution from the ship apply the adequate cause theory(Adquanztheorie)by which the causation be assessed between the act of tort and damage result,and with considering the legislative goal or legal stipulate,deter med the scope of compensation for tort damages at sea.On the bases of the causation as above,the paper definitely put forward that the aggrieved party in the torts of collision and oil pollution has aright of claimant overlapping and either elect to bring a action for tort to the party leaking oil or in special circumstance elect to bring a suit for tort of collision,and apply respectively the difference tort regimes in the maritime law,so that incarnating the legislative goal which protects aggrieved party with maximum possible.