海上运输中危险货物的识别及托运人的责任

How to identify dangerous cargo in carriage of goods at sea and the shipper's liability

针对航运实务中托运人常常遇到的识别危险货物的困惑,结合两个重要国际公约,总结、归纳了对各类型危险货物分类并指明了识别依据。同时结合中国《海商法》第68条第1款,就托运人的责任基础进行探讨,认为《海商法》第68条的立法本意和"海牙-维斯比规则""汉堡规则"的原则基本相同,托运人在危险品运输中公平、合理的民事责任应为"过错责任",而不是"严格责任"或应承担绝对的"赔偿义务"。

In order to disperse the puzzle of identifying dangerous cargo frequently encountered by the shipper in shipping practice,based on two important international convention,this article sums up the categories of dangerous cargo and the foundation for identifying them.In the meanwhile,by analyzing the meaning of article 68.1 of 'the Maritime Code of P.R China' and discussion on the shipper's liability,the authors opine that the legislation purpose of article 68.1 of 'the Maritime Code of P.R.China' should be same as 'Hague-Visby Rules' and 'Hamburg Rules',i.e.the shipper's liability on carriage of dangerous goods at sea should be 'liability at fault' other than 'strict liability' or 'absolute compensation obligation'.