论海运条约冲突的解决模式——以联合国货物运输法草案为中心

Analysis on the models for solving conflicts of maritime treaties——Research taking Nation's Draft Convention on the Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea as centre

针对联合国货物运输法草案诞生后海运条约冲突存在的必然性,分析草案制定历程中先后公布的6份文本所呈现出的三种海运条约冲突解决模式:回避模式、优先模式和退约模式。认为回避模式太消极,应首先予以排除;优先模式和退约模式,均只能解决部分条约冲突,同时没有虑及未来新的条约。提出改进之途在于应一并考虑后法优于前法原则、善意履约原则、条约相对效力原则,同时适当运用条约优先地位条款。

Noticing the inevitability of conflicts of maritime treaties after the United Nation's Draft Convention on the Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea came into being,this paper analyzes three types of models arising from six instruments formulated during the legislation process of the Draft Convention,which are the model of avoidance,the model of prevailing and the model of denunciation.The model of avoidance should be disregarded first as it too negative;the last two models have the same effect via different methods-both of them just solve partial conflicts and lack consideration to new treaties in future.At last this paper points out improvements can be made through taking the principle of lex posterior derogate prior,pacta sunt servanda and the relative validity of treaties into consideration together,meanwhile,taking the advantage of the prevalence over other conventions clause correctly.