我国自然保护区土地权属问题和对策研究

Study on Land Ownership of Nature Reserve in China and the Countermeasures

我国自然保护区经历了数量从无到有、规模从小到大、功能从单一到综合的发展历程。目前,我国自然保护区的土地权属情况非常复杂,土地权属冲突不断。无偿的强制性限制土地利用的政策使自然保护区的管理与周边社会经济发展目标相矛盾,保护区与周边社区之间产生冲突,影响了自然保护区管理的有效性和保护区建设目标的实现。国际上最近发展的税收和补贴政策无法代替现有的限制土地利用政策,因此,需要在现有的限制土地利用政策基础上加以改进,引进生态补偿等方式,提高现有政策的效果;同时,在促进资源可持续利用中积极探索社区共管的不同模式,以弥补生态补偿的不足。

Nature reserves in China have grown from nothing,expanded from small to large and continuously diversified in modality.At present,the situation about land ownership in China's nature reserves is very complicated with frequently happened conflictions.The policy that restricts the land use unpaidly and compulsorily has led to the contradictions between the management of nature reserves and surrounding social economic developing goals,as well as conflicts between protected areas and neighboring communities,impacting the effective management of nature reserve and objective of building nature reserves.The recent globally developed policies of taxation and subsidy cannot replace the existing policy which restricts land use.Therefore,we need to improve the policy based on the existing one,introduce the measures of ecological compensation in order to improve the effectiveness of existing restriction policies.At the same time, we also need to explore different models of community co-management while promoting the sustainable use of resources to make up for deficiencies of ecological compensation.