紫菜叶状体离体组织再生植株的研究

Study on blades regeneration from excised pieces of Porphyra spp.

条斑紫菜幼体的健康组织块边缘细胞直接再生植株;条斑紫菜、圆紫菜、少精紫菜和坛紫菜成熟藻体的营养组织切块,只有当其中的部分细胞死亡后,剩余的分散在死亡细胞之间的存活细胞才能再生植株.这些存活细胞离开母体后或在原位以下列4种方式萌发成叶状体苗:(1)存活细胞分裂成几个细胞,有共同的细胞壁,其中的每一个细胞发育成一棵苗;(2)细胞变圆后直接萌发;(3)细胞变圆后产生次生壁,再萌发;(4)细胞分裂形成不规则的一团细胞(类愈伤组织),没有共同的细胞壁,从中再生出植株.成熟坛紫菜营养组织切块上未能培养出再生植株.在超微结构上,产生再生苗的细胞有许多纤维化的囊泡和大量淀粉粒,表明它们与单孢子相似.

Excised tissue of Porphyra yezoensis, P. suborbiculate, P. oligospermatangia and P. hatanensis were cultured, and healthy blades were generated from them with exception of P. hatanensis. Edge cells of healthy excised pieces of young thalli can germinate into blades directly. But as for the pieces from adult thalli,only unhealthy pieces with many dead cells can regenerate blades from surviving cells. The surviving cells are detached and germinated or germinated blades in situ in 4 different ways: (1) Marginal cells are divided into a packet of cells with a common wall; Each of the cells enclosed within the wall developed into a blade; (2) surviving cells rounded themselves and germinated directly; (3) surviving cells rounded themselves and developed regenerated wall and germinated; (4) surviving cells developed into callus-like clumps that differentiated young plantlets. The cells from which blades were generated had many fibrous vesicles and starch grains in ultrastructure, which may mean the cells are some kind of asexual spores.