论城市土地年租制的物权性质

Research on real right nature of urban land annual rent system

城市土地使用制度改革的深化客观上要求探索多元化的城市土地有偿使用的具体实现形式 ,其中 ,城市土地年租制已逐渐成为现实而有效的选择。城市土地年租制是一种以长期契约为核心的土地有偿使用模式。目前土地经济理论界尚未就土地年租制的权属问题达成共识 ,从而影响到其在实践中的运用与推广。笔者认为 ,土地承租人以年租方式取得的土地使用权是物权和债权的统一 ,其中物权处于决定性的地位。以长期契约为前提 ,按年度缴付租金的过程事实上意味着债权向物权的逐步转化。

Deepening of system innovation of urban land utilization objectively require nore versatile concerte realization forms in urban land compensated use,anmong which urban land annual rent system have become a practical and effective choice.This system is a new pattern of compensated use of urban land on the basis of a long-term contract,but has not been utilized and popularized well,because the land economic circles could not reach unanimity on the rights of urban land annual rent system.Then the author consider that the usufruct obtained by annual rent is the unity or real right and credit,and real right is on a decisive position.Actually,on the basis of long-term contract,credit can be gradually turned into real right when the tenant pay land rent by year.Furthermore,we must set up a perfect guarantee mechanisms of urban land annual rent system to ensure the rights of the owner.