远程教育教学模式和学习模式辨析

An Analysis of Learning and Teaching Models in Distance Education

现代远程教育试点工作已经进行了5年,有关什么是远程教育的教学模式,它与传统教育的教学模式有什么区别,教学模式在人才培养过程中的作用以及与其他体系之间的关系等,虽有多位权威专家进行过研究与评论,但并没有给出较为具体的模型结构。本文在权威专家研究的基础上,试图通过对远程教学活动实践分析,初步辨析出远程教育教学模式模型结构、学习模式模型结构。在此基础上构建出比较明晰的教学模式梯形结构,并就教学模式与其他体系的关系进行了简单阐述。

Many distance education pilot projects have been carried out in China in the last five years. The following questions are frequently discussed but concrete answers on a more systematic level have not been available: What exactly is a learning and teaching model in distance education? What are the differences between a learning and teaching model that is designed for conventional education and one designed for distance education? In the development of human resources, what is the relationship between a learning and teaching model and other systems? Based on the results of previous research, this paper attempts to analyze the various learning and teaching activities in distance education and then proposes a framework which consists of the following elements: educational philosophy, learning and teaching media, the delivery of learning multi-media, the design of classroom teaching, the organization of learning and teaching, the environment for teacher-student interaction and the assessment of learning outcomes. The themes include: What is a proper learning attitude? How can we use media and computer networks effectively? Have we paid enough attention to the learning process? How can learning methods and teacher-student interaction be improved? How can learning outcomes be evaluated? Based on this discussion, a learning and teaching model in the form of a cascade is constructed. At the top are the objectives of the personnel development model, while the lower sections of the cascade include the philosophy of modern distance education, basic infrastructure of distance learning, educational technology facilities and equipment, and four teams of distance education personnel. This paper also discusses the relationship between this learning and teaching model and other systems.