我国橡实资源的开发利用

Exploitation Study of Acorn Resources in China

我国橡实资源非常丰富 ,有 7属 3 0 0多种 ,分布广泛 .据统计 ,我国约有橡实林 1.3 3× 10 7～ 1.67× 10 7hm2 ,年产橡实 60～ 70亿 kg.橡实营养丰富 ,橡仁含淀粉 5 0 %～ 70 %、可溶性糖 2 %～ 8%、单宁 0 .2 6%～ 17.74%、蛋白质 1.17%～ 8.72 %、油脂1.0 4%～ 6.86%、粗纤维 1.13 %～ 5 .89%、灰分 1.3 0 %～ 3 .40 % ;橡壳也含有大量的色素和单宁等成分 .橡实全身是宝 ,其开发利用的前景十分广阔 .对橡仁、橡壳进行综合利用 ,可以生产出淀粉、色素及一系列副产品 ,利用率将近 10 0 % ,几乎不产生任何污染 .同时还可以将橡实淀粉加工成变性淀粉等系列产品 ,从而提高产品的科技含量和经济价值 .我国橡实资源的开发利用不容乐观 ,存在资源破坏严重等系列问题 .为此 ,提出了旨在充分发挥资源优势、扩大利用规模、提高经济效益的开发利用的对策 .

China has abundant acorn resources; there are more than 300 species in 7 genera of fagaceae plants. Oak plants are widely distributed in China. It is estimated that the dimension of acorn woods is approximately 13.33～16.67 Mhm2, and the yield of acorn is nearly 6～7 billion kg. There are rich nutrition ingredients in acorn. The main elements content of acorn kernel is as the following: starch at 50%～70%, soluble sugar at 2%～8%, tannin at 0.26%～17.74%, protein at 1.17%～8.72%, fat at 1.04%～6.86%, fiber at 1.13%～5.89% and ash at 1.3%～3.4%. The acorn shuck has plentiful pigment and tannin. Acorn is entirely costly; the prospect of its utilization is fairly extensive. Acorn can be made into starch, pigment and its series of by products through all around use of its kernel and shuck. Therefore acorn's usage rate can almost reach 100%, and there is no pollutant produced during processing. A series of advanced products (for example, modified starch) can be produced through deep processing of acorn starch, thus improving the technological and economic value of acorn products. But the utilization of acorn resources isn't optimistic because there are some problems such as severe devastation of natural acorn resources. Accordingly, some proposals of rational exploitation are put forward with a view to making full use of the advantage in resources, enlarging the scale of utilization and promoting the economic benefit.