热力学判据的数学分析

Mathematic Analysis of Themodynamic Criterion

恒温恒压下的自发变化的初终态可能是非平衡态，所以用ΔＧ＜０来判断变化方向将会引起歧义，由于一个变化完结后达平衡时不再有任何过程发生，故ｄＧ＝０不能作为平衡判据．任何变化的方向与限度应该用（Ｇξ）Ｔ，Ｐ≤０来判断．

Based on the observation that the change between the original state and the final state may be in non-equilibrium, we have come to the conclusion that the normal method of using the formula ΔG to decide to which direction a change would develop will be misleading. Due to the fact that there would be no more change after a chemical reaction ends in equilibrium, the formula dG=0 should be dismissed as a misleading equilibrium criterion. We suggest the formula “( Gξ) T,P ≤0 ” be used to decide the direction and reaction limit of any change.