水生生态调控及水污染治理中微生物的应用

Aqueous Ecological Regulation and Application of Microorganisms in Water Pollution Control

微生物是地球生态系统中最重要的分解者，也是开发潜力最大、人类最宝贵的资源库，在污染物的降解转化、资源的再生利用、无公害产品的生产开发、生态环境的建设保护等方面都能发挥重要作用．当今人类所面临的诸如环境污染、资源短缺、生态破坏、健康受害等许多重大问题，都有可能从微生物资源的开发研究中寻找到解决的办法，生物技术对人类社会的持续发展将产生重要影响．本文论述影响水生生态的主要因素及其相互作用，重点分析微生物在生态调控中的功能、演变及应用前景．结合国情探讨生物技术在环境保护中的研究、技术开发及产业化发展方向，分析微生物高级技术如基因工程技术、克隆技术等在环境领域中应用和产业化的可行性．文中着重介绍维持生态平衡、环境资源化和环境无害化不同层次微生物技术的作用，从微生物的多样性和功能性特点发展各种专门技术，实现废水资源化和无害化的综合协调与优化，实现其环境领域中的广泛应用．

Microorganisms are the most important decomposers in ecosystems on the earth and also resources libraries for human beings with the greatest potential of exploration. Microorganisms have important effects on the aspects, such as decomposition and transformation of pollutants, recycled utilization of resources, production and development of non harmful products, protection and construction of ecological environments. The many major problems confronting human beings, such as environmental pollution, lacking of resources ecological damages and health harm can be solved by exploiting and investigating microorganisms. Biotechniques will produce significant effects on sustainable development. The main factors affecting aqueous ecology and their interrilation were discussed. The function, evolvement and prospects of microorganisms applied in ecological regulation were emphatically analyzed.The feasibility of application and industry of advanced microorganism techniques,such as genetic engineering technique and clonal technique in environmental field was analyzed.