摘要
采用常规胸部X线摄片和痰涂片检查的方法,并按照《赴美签证申请人体检指导》中有关肺结核的分级标准对11579名赴美移民进行肺部结核病的检查。发现肺结核表现共1269例,总检出率10.96%,其中检出活动性肺结核52例(A级——渗出性肺结核9例,B1级—渗出性肺结核并部分增殖43例),检出率0.45%;非活动性肺结核B2级(纤维化表现)和B3级(钙化)的检出率分别为2.22%和8.29%。痰涂片检查52例,阳性9例,涂阳率17.31%。对9例涂阳者进行短程化疗,6个月后复查,痰涂阴转率88.89%。本文就如何防止结核病通过移民传播,提出了具体防治对策。
Objectives: Analyzing the Pulmonary TB examinations of visa applicants to USA, discussing the effects of the treatment after treating.
Methods: Applying routine Chest X-ray and Sputum Smear examination to 11579 visa applicants to USA and checking them against the grading standard concerning pulmonary TB specified in 'Instructions for Physical Examination of Visa Applicants to USA'.A short-term chemotherapy was carried in the cases whose Sputum Smear examination was positive,and the therapy was evaluated.
Results:We discovered that 1269 cases represented pulmonary TB. Occupying 10.96% of the total, among which 52 cases were active pulmonary TB (9 cases were Grade A-exudative pulmonary TB and 43 cases were Grade B1-exudative pulmonary TB together with partial hyperlasia), occupying 0.45 % of the subtotal: Grade B2 (fibrillation) and Grade B3 (calcification) normative cases, among which 9 were posi- tive, occupying 17.31%. A short-term chemotherapy was carried out on 9 positive cases and re-examination was carried out 6 months later as we found out that negative transfer rate of the sputum smear was 88.89%.
Discussion:The Examination we mentioned above is able to find the pulmonary TB cases promptly. A short- term chemotherapy should be carried out in the cases, whose sputum smear examination was positive, and re-examination was carried out 6 months later, the patients can leave the territory on the condition that the result of the re-examination is negative, and have enough anti-TB medicine.The duration of the therapy should not be less than 9 months.In order to prevent spread of TB through migration activities, we also proposed other preventive strategies against TB among migrants.
