空间异质性定量研究方法

Quantitative Research Methods of Spatial Heterogeneity

空间异质性是景观生态学定量化研究的核心,其定量研究方法包括景观综合图、数学模型和地学信息图谱.本文概括总结了景观综合图的内容和定量化指标,分析了这种定量化方法的优势和局限;对数学模型的复杂性、优点和与景观综合图的互补性作了简要分析,指出了数学模型研究需要进一步探讨和重视的问题;通过对地学信息图谱三个阶段(景观制图实验,图谱概念的提出和地学信息图谱理论的形成)的回顾和对其特点的分析,我们认为地学信息图谱综合了景观综合图和抽象的数学模型可以提供的互补信息,吸收了两者的优点,是空间异质性的综合定量研究方法.

Spatial heterogeneity is the kernel of quantitative studies of landscape ecology. The quantitative research methods include comprehensive landscape mapping, mathematical models and Geo-informatic Tupu. This paper summarizes contents and indexes of the comprehensive landscape mapping, points out the issues needed to be further studied and emphasized in mathematical models, and believes that the Geo-informatic Tupu is the most comprehensive method for quantitative study of spatial heterogeneity. The Geo-informatic Tupu synthesizes the succinctness of comprehensive landscape mapping and the abstractness of mathematical models. The Geo-informatic Tupu is an outcome of the Chinese traditional research achievements combining with relative modern technologies. Its development process can be divided into three stages that are experiment on landscape mapping, proposition of Tupu concept, and formation of Geo-informatic Tupu Theory. It can be used, by applying a series of multi-dimensional graphic solutions and constructing spatial models, to formulate the current situation, to reconstruct the past and to forecast the future of landscape spatial heterogeneity.