辩证矛盾与逻辑矛盾论析

Exposition and Analysis of Dialectical Contradiction and Logical Contradiction

从本体论看，形式逻辑的客观基础是“对象性状唯一性”，矛盾律回答的是对象性状“有几个”的问题，辩证矛盾回答的是“是什么”的问题。逻辑矛盾主张对象有两种性状，因而是错的。从认识论看，逻辑矛盾与辩证矛盾混淆的根源在于形式逻辑与形而上学逻辑的混淆。形式逻辑不直接涉及内容，只是主张对象的性状只有“唯一的一种”，形而上学逻辑直接涉及内容，实质是主张对象的性状是“特定的这个（或那个）”，二者截然不同。但因形而上学逻辑是对辩证逻辑一个片断的夸大，且在这一片断上，它既是合理的，又与矛盾律要求的判断形式重合，于是，二者极易混淆。辩证矛盾反对的是形而上学。

In the view of ontology, the objective basis of formal logic is “the sole character of the object”. The law of contradiction answers the question of “how many” characters the object has, but on the other hand, the dialectical contradiction gives the answer to the question of “what” characters are. The logical contradiction holds that the object has two characters, and thus it is wrong. In the view of the epistemology, the origin of the confusion of logical contradiction and dialectical contradiction lies in the confusion of the formal logic and the metaphysical logic. The formal logic indirectly involvs the contents, and it holds that the object has “only one character”; however, the metaphysical logic directly involves the contents and its essence is to hold the view that the object's character is “this specific one (or that specific one)”. These two are completely different. Just because the metaphysical logic is an exaggeration of one part of the dialectical logic, because in this part, it is rational, and because it coincides with the form of judgement claimed by the law of contradiction, they two are easily confused. What the dialectical contradiction opposes is just the metaphysics, and as for the law of contradiction, they are the unity of truth.