量子力学中的时间和能量算符

Time and Energy Operators in Quantum Mechanics

本文通过分析经典力学中的能量和Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ量在概念上的差别，在相对论协变Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ理论中提出了机械能量和共轭于时间负值的正则能量的概念．在此基础上，在相对论量子力学中引进了一个有别于Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ算符的正则能量算符Ｅ＝ｉｈ／ｔ，从而把时间从一个ｃ数提升为一个共轭于正则能量算符负值的线性算符．

After analyzing the conceptual differences between energy and Hamiltonian in classical mechanics, the mechanical energy and the canonical energy conjugate to the negative time are put forward in covariant Hamilton's theory of relativity. The canonical energy operator, =i /t, that is different from the Hamiltonian operator is thus introduced in relativistic quantum mechanics. Accordingly, the time is elevated from a cnumber to a linear operator conjugate to the negative canonical energy.