内蒙古河套灌区秋浇时间对水盐运移和农业环境的影响

Influence of Autumn Irrigation Time upon Moisture-Salt Movement and Agricultural Environment in Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia

土壤盐碱化是当前河套灌区的主要问题,解决这个问题的途径主要是合理灌溉,保证排水,加强管理。河套灌区特有的气候和农业生产条件,决定了灌区秋浇的两大目标,即为翌年春小麦播种和幼苗期生长贮墒及淋洗耕层盐分。本文根据实测资料,从机理上讨论了不同秋浇时间对河套灌区水盐运移和农业环境的影响,得出了早秋浇(白露前后)是河套灌区有效防治盐碱化、改善农业环境、节水节能、增产增收的好措施。

Soil saline-alkalization is a key problem in Hetao Irrigation Area at present. The ways to solve this problem mainly are rational irrigation,guarantee of water drainage and intensive management.Special climatic and agroproductive conditions in Hetao Irriga- tion Area have determined two main goals of its autumn irrigation,i,e.moisture storing for sowing and seedling growth of the spring wheat in the next year,and decreasing salt content in the cultivated horizon.Based upon practical observing data,this paper has dis- cussed the mechanism of influence of different autumn irrigation times upon moisture-salt movement and agricultural environment in Hetao Irrigation Area,and a conclusion is got- ten that the early autumn irrigation(about Bailu,early of september)is one of the best measures to control soil saline-alkalization,to improve agricultural environment,to save water and energy,and to increase the grain production in Hetao Irrigation Area.