鄂西山区地面塌陷及分类

LAND COLLAPSE AND ITS CLASSIFICATION IN WEST HUBEI MOUNTAINOUS REGION

鄂西山区碳酸盐岩分布广泛,岩溶十分发育,各类岩溶形态发育齐全,特别是岩溶管道发育,为地面塌陷尤其是岩溶塌陷的产生提供了十分有利的地质环境条件。在地表水作用、地下水位变动、人工采掘等因素的影响和诱导下,地面塌陷频繁发生。其陷坑平面形态类型可分为椭园形和园形二种,剖面形态类型可分为漏斗状、坛状和碟状三种。地面塌陷成因类型可分为渗透——潜蚀型、疏排型、洞穴充水型和采掘型四种,其中前三者属岩溶塌陷类型。

Carbonate rocks are widespreaded and extensively karstified in west Huber mountainous region. Various karst forms specially underground conduits are well developed,which provide favourable condition to land collapses. Under the action of surface water, ground water fluctuation and mining activities, land collapses has been happening frequently. Collapses can be classified into ellipse or round according to its surface plane and funnel, jar, plate three types upon its section shape. Considering formation mechanisn.they can be i-dencified as seepage suffosion type,dewatering type,cave water infilling type and mining type. Former three types are karst collapese.