雌化中国对虾同工酶的研究

STUDIES ON ISOZYES OF THE FEMINIZED CHINESE PRAWN ( PENAEUS CHINENSIS )

在雌化处理取得成功的基础上，采用聚丙乙烯酰胺电泳法，分析了雌化和对照的中国对虾幼体发育阶段或成体不同组织中的三种同工酶（ＥＳＴ、ＭＤＨ、ＬＤＨ）的分化表达谱式。结果发现：对虾早期发育阶段ＥＳＴ、ＬＤＨ均有各自独特的分化表达谱式。同工酶的表达顺序与形态分化有相关性。成体各组织间同工酶具有明显的特异性，其中ＬＤＨ只有一个基因编码，肝胰腺电泳中没有发现ＬＤＨ和ＭＤＨ活性。雌化虾在幼体发育阶段，酶带出现的时间一般较晚，但其成本“新酶带”出现的频率增高。“新酶带”出现的频率升高可作为雌化诱导成功的标志，也是雌化虾增产的生化基础之一。

Chinese prawn is an important target in seawater fishery in our country.To increase the ratio of the female prawn to male in a population was a key problem for raising the output in the aquiculture.This problem has been solved by the technique of feminzation.The present paper deals with a comparison of isogymes in different tissues between the feminzed prawn and the normal one.The patterns of three isozymic systems in the developing prawn larvae stage from fertilized egg to young prawn and in the different adult tissues (heart、hepatopancreas、ovary and muscle)were analized by means of polyacryaminde gel electrophoresis.The three isozymic systems are Esterse (EST).Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The results showed that EST and LDH had different patterns themselves in the larvae stages.The present sequence of the isozymes is closely correlated to the morphogical or functional changes.The isozymes in the varous adult tissues present particular patterns.Only one locus encoded LDH was expressed.The MDH and LDH activities had not been observed in the hepatopancreas electrophoresis.The feminization techniques usually delayed the appearance of the isozyme bands in the larvae stage.The feminization techniques increase the “new band” appearance frequency (the number of prawns with “new band”/the total number of prawns)in the adult tissues.The increasing of “new band” appearance frequency was a sign of a successful feminization,and the biochemical foundation for raising the production of the prawn.