雪盖方向反射的多角度测量(英文)

Multiangle Observations of Directional Reflectances of Snow Fields

雪域和表面反照率的精确测量对于推进人们认识全球气候系统非常重要。这是因为大面积雪盖的高反射特性（北半球的冬季，雪可覆盖到４０％的陆地表面）。雪的反射随太阳光线入射角度和观测角度的变化而变化。我们已采用具有不同空间分辨率的可见光传感器来获得雪的参数。目前，从卫星观测器能获得的只是天底观测方向反射数据，因此需要用多角度进行观测来获得雪域的半球反射率。我们建议用包括不同观测角信息和多极化信息的ＰＯＬＤＥＲ数据来研究雪域的方向反射。载于ＡＤＥＯＳ１卫星上的ＰＯＬＤＥＲ已于１９９６年８月成功发射。但目前仍不具备ＰＯＬＤＥＲ数据，我们研究采用的是从可定向的机载分光辐射谱仪获得的ＡＳＡＳ数据。从Ｍｏｎｔａｔａ冰河国家公园采集的数据显示出很强的角度依赖性。初步的结果证实了雪反射的各向异性。对雪盖ＢＲＤＦ认识是以后的发展真实反照率模型的关键。

Accurate measurements of snow areas and surface albedo are crucial to advancing our understanding of the global climate system. This is because of the highly reflective nature of snow combined with its large surface coverage (snow can cover up to 40% of the Earth's land surface during the Northern Hemisphere winter). The reflectance of snow varies with both solar incidence angle and the viewing angle. Visible sensors with different spatial resolutions have been used to infer the snow parameters. Currently, only nadir-viewing directional reflectance data are available from satellite observations. Observations at multiple angles are needed to infer the hemispheric reflectance albedo of snow fields.We propose to study the directional reflectance of snow fields using POLDER data, which contains information from different viewing angles and polarizations. POLDER was successfully launched on the ADEOS-1 satellite in August, 1996, however, because POLDER data are not yet available, data from ASAS, a pointable, airborne spectroradiometer, were used in this study. Data collected over Glacier National Park of Montana show strong angular dependence. Preliminary results confirm the anisotropic nature of the snow reflectance. Knowledge of the bi-directional reflectance function(BDRF) of snow-covered surfaces is the key to developing a true albedo model in the future.