港粤整合与珠江三角洲的空间转型——以东莞为例

HONG KONG-GUANGDONG REINTEGRATION AND SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE POST-REFORM ZHUJIANG DELTA:A CASE STUDY OF DONGGUAN

自1979年以来,中国开放政策的实施显著地加强了香港和广东的社会经济联系。本研究探讨中国南部区域一体化发展的过程和影响。制造业由香港向广东的转移并未表现向大城市中心空间集聚的倾向。亲缘关系的存在,交通运输基础设施的改善,充裕的廉价劳动力和土地面积的供给以及在环境污染方面缺乏严格的控制等因素共同作用,并使香港和广州之间的郊区对香港制造商的吸引力不亚于一个拥挤的大城市。资本的流入和制造设备的引进,加速了中国农村工业化的步伐,明显地促进了城市化进程,使大批剩余劳动力不必涌入城市,而是进入建在农村的工厂里。跨国资本和海外资金的流入还改变了中国当地百姓的文化、行为和生活方式。

The implementation of China's 'open door' policy since 1979 has significantly facilitated social and economic reintegration between Hong Kong and Guangdong Province in southern China. This study assesses the processes and consequences of Hong Kong-Guangdong integra-tion in the transformation of a local economy in the zhujiang Delta. Intensified economic ex-change between Hong Kong and Guangdong has been a recent phenomenon despite the exis-tence of their traditional linkages. The northward shifting of industrial facilities from Hong Kong to Guangdong has been motivated by the imperative of lowering labour cost, increasing the rate of return for investment, and strengthening the overall competitiveness of Hong Kong manufacture in the international market. Geographic proximity, cultural affinity, and flexible state policy are three most important factors explaining the growth and locational characteris-tics of capital inverstment from Hong Kong to Guangdong. The relocation of manufacturing ac-tivity from Hong Kong to Guangdong has not displayed a spatial tendency of high concentra-tion in large urban centers. The existence of personal kinship ties,an improved transport in-frastructure, an abundant supply of cheap labour and land space,and the lack of strict regula-tions on environmental pollution have combined to make the suburban area between Hong Kong and Guangzhou a place no less attractive than a congested large city to Hong Kong man-ufacturers. Economic reintegration between Hong Kong and the Inland has resulted in a signif-icant process c( deindustrialization and tertiarization in Hong Kong. It has quickened the pace of rural industrialization in China and facilitated a distinct urbanization process in which a great number of surplus rural labourers entered factories in the countryside without having to move into cities. The intrusion of global capitalism has also effected the culture, behaviour, and lifestyle of the Chinese people in the Inland.