油气田开发对湿地的影响及保护措施

The effect of oil/gas field development upon wet land and relevant protection measures

湿地环境和生态系统的保护及合理利用，在当今国际已普遍受到重视。我国石油勘探开发活动对湿地的影响，大体可分为直接和间接两类。直接影响主要由污染物排放；机械和人类活动对野生动植物的影响；油田设施占用地面；围湖或围海等构成。间接影响主要指影响湿地的水文条件及油气田开发带动其它资源的开发和当地经济的发展。为了减少油气田开发对湿地不利的影响，编制了《中国石油天然气总公司湿地保护行动计划》，建立了湿地保护的专门管理机构，并进而采取了一系列保护措施。

It is generally valued in today's world to protect and reasonably utilize wet land environment and ecological system. The effect of petroleum exploration anddevelopment upon wet land in China may be classified generally as direct and indirecttype. The direct effect is mainly composed of pollutant discharge, mechanism andmankind activities upon wild animals and plants,land occupation by oil/gas equipmentand reclaimed land from lake or sea. The indirect effect is mostly the hydrologic condition effecting wet land, as well as other resources development and local economicprogress caused by oil/gas field development. To reduce the unfavorable effects of oil/gas field development upon wet land,the station compiled CNPC's Wet Land ProtectionAction Plan,set up specific managerial organization for wet land protection,and furthermore adopted a series of protection measures.