试论美国汽车工业的国际化与空间格局

The Internationalization and Spatial Pattern of Automobile Industry in the United States

美国汽车工业经历了发展、兴旺、波折三个阶段，使国内的汽车工业的格局发生集中──分散──再集中的演变，但仍保持美国汽车国内市场的绝对优势。

A long - term history of internationalization about the autombile industry in the United States, which has mainly experienced 3 stages named development, prosperity and fluetuation,is reviewed in the paper. The original preductive bases have already concerntrated in the Great Lakes Area, particularly in Detroit and the adjacent cities. With the deepening of internationalization, after the Second World War, the location of automobile industry has merged a decentraligation tendency to build new auto - factories in the coastal areas along either Pacific Ocean or Atlantic Ocean. In order to adapt new economic situation of mexitence of competition and cooperation, many auto - factories in the coastal areas was gradually closed and new factories have reconcentrated in the Middle - West Area again.The spatial pattern of autombile market is also studied in the paper. 73% of USA automobile are manufactured by domestic factories, the rest mainly by foreign countries, such as Canada, Mexico, Japan, Crermany and Korea. Imported automobile occupies 27% automobile market, in which Japan autombile 25%, Europe automobile 2%.