加拿大城市住户居住选址行为研究──以多伦多都市普查区和蒙特利尔都市普查区为例

A Study on Residential Location Behavior of Canada's Urban Households-Two cases of Toronto and Montreal Census Metropolitan Area

本文以多伦多都市普查区和蒙特别尔都市普查区为研究区域，通过剖析城市地域内部五个圈层（CBD、内城区、成熟郊区、新郊区和远郊区）居住人口的分布现状，分析不同社会经济阶层的住户居住选址的基本倾向，考察居住选址行为与住宅类型的空间分布和居住区位要素制约关系。分析表明：中等经济收入和文化程度、有未成年子女的家庭倾向于居住在城市边缘地区；经济收入、文化程度较低和较高的青年单身、无子女夫妻住户和老年住户倾向于居住在城市中心区；城市内部的居住迁移主要迁往城市外围地区，外来居民（包括国内和国外）倾向集居在城市中心区。居住选址行为是受住宅空间分布差异和居住区位条件的交互制约。一定社会经济结构的住户是从各类住宅和居住区位的各种构成要素的优化配置中选择居住定位。

Toronto CMA and Montreal CMA have been taken as areas to analyze residential location behaviorof urban households of Canada in this paper. First, the CMAs are divided into five zones: central busi-ness district, the inner city, mature suburbs, new suburbs and exurbia, to analyze the residential locationtendency of different household classes based on the distribution of residents. Then, with a combinedmethod of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, the relationsip has been examined between lo-cation behavior of househods and the spatial distribution of housing and the factors of location, The re-sults show that househods of middle income and middle achieved education level and with childrentrend to reside in urban outer areas; the young single the childless couple and the aged with both lowerand higher income and education level trend to choose urban central areas to live in, the movers withinurban areas predominantly move t the outer areas, the movers from out of the CAMs and outside Cana-da trend to live in the central areas. Location behavior of households with given social and economic sta-tus is restricted by the spatial differentiation of housing types and locaional factors.