院内呼吸道感染原因分析及对策

Analysis of nosocomial respiratory tract infection and the countermeasures

目的探讨院内呼吸道感染的发病状况与控制措施.方法对2001年1～12月408例住院患者并发院内呼吸道感染的发病状况进行调查分析.于2002年1～12月对458例住院患者实施了降低院内呼吸道感染的护理对策,并研究其对策对院内呼吸道感染率的影响.结果实施护理对策前住院患者并发院内呼吸道感染18例(75%).分析其原因有护理人员、管理、环境、材料、患者等因素.2002年实施护理对策后,院内呼吸道感染降至7例(50%);2001年与2002年同期紫外线消毒后病房空气平均菌落数,院内呼吸道感染率比较分别经t检验,x2检验,均有显著性差异,P＜0.01或P＜0.05,说明2002年实施护理措施后减少了病房空气平均菌落数及降低院内呼吸道感染率.结论院内呼吸道感染发生率高,应引起重视,但采取适当的护理对策后,院内呼吸道感染可得到控制.

Objective To explore the causes of nosocomial respiratory tract infection and the countermeasures. Methods 408 patients hospitalized between January and December, 2001, were investigated in view of the episodes of nosocomial respiratory tract infections. 458 patients admitted in the hospital from January to December, 2002 were cared by the countermeasures and then the effect of the countermeasures on the incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infection was analyzed. Results Before the countermeasures were taken, 18 cases were found to have nosocomial respiratory tract infection (75%), which was caused by analysis by nurse, ma-nagement, environment, stuff and patients. After the countermeasures were taken, the incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infection went down to 7 cases (50%). The comparison of the air colonies in wards after sterilization by ultraviolet and the case number of nosocomial respiratory tract infection synchronically in 2001 and 2002 showed significant differences by t test and x2 test (P<0.01, P<0.05), indicating the nursing measures in 2002 were effective in reducing ward air colonies and lowering the incidences of nosocomial respiratory tract infection. Conclusion The higher incidence of nosocomial respiratory tract infection deserves our attention, but it can be controlled only if proper nursing countermeasures are taken.