碳酸氢铵处理稻草的工艺条件的研究

A STUDY ON THE TREATMENT CONDITIONS OF RICE STRAW AMMONIATION WITH AMMONIUM BICARBONATE

通过4×4(试验一)及5×5(试验二)两个二因子交叉有重复试验分别研究了碳酸氢铵用量、水分含量、处理温度和处理时问对稻草氨化效果的影响。碳酸氢铵用量、稻草水分含量各为四个水平(5％、8％、12％、15％及20％、35％、50％、65％),处理温度,处理时间各为五个水平(0,10,20,30,40℃及1,2,3,4,5周)。结果表明,粗蛋白含量随碳酸氢铵的用量增加而增加,用量在12％时达最高值(平均为11.2％);同时,中性洗涤纤维含量最低(平均为63.1％),氮回收率适中(42.2％),干物质消失率最高(50.1％)。当水分含量为35％时,粗蛋白含量最高(10.5％),中性洗涤纤维含量适中(65.7％),氮回收率最高(48.9％)。因此可以认为,碳酸氢铵的最佳用量为稻草用量的10％左右,水分含量为稻草用量的35％左右。氨化时间与环境温度有交互作用,在持续0℃左右的情况下,塑料袋底存有未溶化的碳酸氢铵,因而不宜进行氨化处理;在10℃左右需1个月左右的处理时间,在20℃左右需要2周左右时间;在30℃以上只需1周左右时间。从本研究结果可以得出结论,在适宜的处理条件下,碳酸氢铵可作为氨化稻草的理想氨源。

Two two-factor design trials with duplication were conducted to investigate the effects of different dosages of ammonium bicarbonate, moisture content, treatment temperature and duration on ammoni- ation of rice straw (RS) respectively. The dosage of ammonium bicarbonate and moisture content designed in the 4×4 factorial experiment were 5%、8%、12%、15% and 20%、35%、50%、65% respectively (trial 1); the treatment temperature and duration designed in the 5×5 factorial experiment were 0, 10, 20, 30, 40℃ and 1, 2,3, 4,5 week, respectively(trial 2). The crude protein content increased with the increasing dosage of ammonium bicarbonate; and was the highest (11.2%)at 12% ammonium bicarbonate,at which the content of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) was (42.2%) and the dry matter digestibility was the highest(50. 1%). At moisture content of 35%, the con- tent of crude protein was the highest (10.5%),the content of NDF was medium(65.7%) and the nitrogen recovery rate (NRR) was the highest(48. 9%). Therefore, it is considered that, the optimal dosage of ammonium bicarbonate and the moisture content were as about 10% and 35% of the RS weight, respec- tively. There was an interaction between the treatment duration and temperature. At 0℃, some solid am- monium bicarbonate was found at the bottom of the plastic bag. Therefore, this temperature was not con- sidered to be suitable for ammonia treatment. It was required one month at the termperature of about 10℃; more than two weeks at 20℃; and less than one week at above 30℃ for ideal ammoniation effect. From the present results, it was concluded that the ammonium bicarbonate may be used as an ideal ammonia source for ammoinification of RS at the suitable treatment conditions.