神府─东胜煤田建设对土地资源的影响──大柳塔地区土地资源动态分析

Effects of Mining Construction on Land Resources in Shenfu─Dongsheng Coalfields ─An analysis of land resources changes in Daliuta area

大柳塔地区是神府─东胜煤田一、二期工程开发建设、生活服务、交通设施及行政指挥中必，这里集中了该煤田几乎所有的国家统配煤矿和８５％以上的地方及群众兴办的煤矿。强烈的人为活动对该区土地资源的开发和利用产生了极大的影响，使历史上形成的土地利用结构发生了重大改变；沿主川道分布的良田（水浇地）锐减，新的水土流失，土地沙漠化及土地的污染对土地资源在数量和质量上都构成了严重威胁。本研究以１９８７年的彩红外航片像片和开矿前的图文资料作为本底依据，参考１９９２年陆地卫星资料，采用实地调绘方法，编制了两期土地利用现状图，清查了研究区内采矿和建设活动引起的土地资源数量、质量及其利用方式的时空变化特征和存在问题：提出了土地保护与建设，以及退化土地的恢复与重建的对策。

Daliuta area has become the centre of coal production,traffic,living service and adminstration of Shenfu─Dongsheng coalfields,where almost all state minesites and 85% of local minesites are located. Intensive activeties of mining/construction bring great impacts to land resources,and the pounding at the rraditiortal land use structure. As a result,almost all irrigated cutivated lands distributed at river terraces are taken by mining and construction,and new soil erosion,land desertification and polution are seriously imperilling land resources in terms of quantity ahd quality.Conbined with ground survey,LANDSAT data (TM) of 1993 were used to map currentlanduse,and then compared with the landuse map based on the background data of infraredaerial photographs of 1987 and other maps/records before mining. The spatial and temporal changes of land resources in terms of quality,quanlity and use were investigated. Based on analysis of probelms and development,recommendations of landcare are proposed in this paper.