对牵引车轴距及半挂车挂跨距优化设计的研究

Researches on the Method of Designing Optimally the Wheel Base of a Hauling Automobile and the Span Length of a Trailer

作者在运用结构力学、汽车结构及汽车理论对国内外牵引车轴距及半挂车挂跨距设计进行系统分析及研究的基础上，提出一组设计牵引车轴距及半挂车挂跨距的优化公式。与传统设计方法相比较，按照本文推荐公式设计车辆轴距及挂跨距不但能使半挂车大梁最大弯矩及最大挠度大幅度下降（如最大弯矩仅是按照传统法设计挂跨距的某些半挂车大梁中最大弯矩的四分之一，甚至更少），而且可使整台车辆的回转通行性能显著提高。

The author of this paper presents a group of formulas for designing optimally the wheel base of a hauling automobile and the span length of a trailer, on basis of analyzing and studying systematically wheel bases of hauling automobiles at home and abroad and span lengths of trailers at home and abroad by means of Structural Mechanics, Automobile Structur Caurse and Automobile Theory Course.In comparision with the traditional design method,designing the wheel base of an automobile and the span length of a trailer according to the formulas recommended in this paper will results in not only reducing considerably the maximum bending moment and deflection of the trailer beam (for example, the maximum bending moment of the optimally designed beam only is equal to or less than a quarter of the maximum bending moment of some trailer beams whose span lengths were determined according to the traditional method), but also improving obviously the gyration performance of the vehicle.