云南省拟钉螺作为狸殖吸虫与血吸虫中间宿主的研究

STUDY'ON THE INTERMEDIATE HOSTS OF PAGUMOGONIMUS AND SCHISTOSOMA——TRICULINES IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

自1981年开始,我们与美国费城自然科学院、云南省卫生防疫站以及大理州血吸虫病防治所等单位协作,先后对云南省南部西双版纳州、西北部大理州以及中部的昆明市周围有代表性的地区进行拟钉螺的调查。已发现6个新种,其中一种景洪拟钉螺(Tricula jinghongensis Guo and Gu,1985),是斯氏狸殖吸虫(Pagumogonimus skrjabini)和类中华血吸虫(Schistosoma sinensium-like blood fluke)的中间宿主。另一种博氏拟钉螺(T.bollingi),是我国新纪录,其始发现于泰国。感受性试验表明,其可感染中华血吸虫和湄公血吸虫(Schistosoma mekongi),因此在血吸虫病流行病学上应予以重视。

Schistosomiasis mekongi is prevalent in some parts of the lower reaches of the Mekong River. Its intermediate host is Tricula aperta. Considering that Tricula snails had also been found previously in the Lanchang River valley in Yunnan Province, China, the upper reaches of the Mekong River, an investigation of its distribution has being conducted since 1981 in some selected areas along this river system, such as, Xishuangbanna Prefecture in South Yunnan, Dali Prefecture in Northwest Yunnan and areas around Kunming City. In areas where the author et al. took part in the investigations, 5 new species of Tricula were discovered. Among them, Tricula jinghongensis Guo and Gu 1985 is identified as the intermediate host of Pagumogonimus skrjabini and Schistosoma sinensium—like blood fluke, but rhesus monkey failed to be infected with it. Since Tricula jinghongensis is considered to be closely related to Tricula aperta in taxonomy and its breeding places are close to the bordering areas, attention should be paid on it. Another species of medical importance is Tricula bollingi, which was first diseovered in Thailand but a new record in China. Artificial infection experiments demonstrated that it could be infected with both Schistosoma sinensium and Schistosoma mekongi. Therefore, the above mentioned species and new record should be taken seriously in epidemiological point of view. Field observations revealed that the water in the breeding places of triculine is clear. In case of drastic environmental modification, the water will become turbid and triculine snails will be easily reduced in number and even die. It is expected, therefore, that for controlling parasitic diseases transmitted by Tricula snails, environmental modification measures for controlling the Tricula snails would yield remarkable results.