小儿骶管下段形态及应用解剖的研究

Research on Morphology and Applied Anatomy of the Lower Sacral Canal in Children

应用135具出生后至7岁的小儿尸体,按身长分为三组。其中,75,5厘米以下为0～12个月,76例;95.1厘米以下为1～3岁,36例;116.2厘米以下为3～7岁,23例。对硬膜囊末端以下部位的骶管进行观察和测量。发现骶管弯度随年龄增加而变大.在骶管裂孔中央处,其长轴与皮肤之间的夹角分别为19.9°±2.53°,24.2°±3.29°、27.4°±3.40°.硬膜囊以下部位骶管长度分别为1.51±0.37厘米、2.10±0.22厘米、3.74±0.45厘米.髂嵴连线并骶角的垂直距离分别为3.83±0.91厘米、5.95±0.64厘米,7.32±0.96厘米.骶角至尾骨类的距离分别为1.85±0.40厘米、2.72±0.37厘米、3.71±0.57厘米.以上各数据在组间均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。硬膜囊末端平面的骶管管径和骶管下口的口径均以矢状较横径狭小.

135 cadavers of chidren from birth ot 7 years old were divided into three groups according to their height.Of them,the height under 75.5 cm was considered ot be from 0 to 12 months old,76 cases, under 95.1 cm to be from 1 to 3 years old,36 cases nunder 116.2 cm to be from 3 to 7 years old,23 cases.The sacral canals below the epeidural capsule end were observed.The bending of the sacral canal was found to increase with their age.The angles between the long axis of the sacral canal and the skin at the caeter of the sacral hiatus were 19.9°±3.53°,24.2°±3.29°,27.4°±3.14° respective ly.The length of the sacral canal below the epidural capsule were 1.51±0.37 cm,2.10±0.22 cm, 3.74±0.45 cm respectively.The vertical distances from the line joinindg the iliae crests to the sacral horn were 3.83±0.91 cm,5.95±0.64 cm,7.32±0.96 cm respectively.The distances from the sacral horn to the coccygeal apex were 1.85±0.40 cm,2.72±0.37 cm,3.71±0.57 cm respective ly.We analyzed the above data and found that therewere marked differences between groups and groups(P<0.01).The diameter of the sacral canal at the end level of the epidural capsule and the diameter of the lower opening of the sacral canal were found to be narrower in their sagital diamenters than in transversal ones.