枣、酸枣花粉贮藏及其发芽特性的研究

STUDIES OF POLLEN STORAGE AND GERMINATION IN CHINESE JUJUBE WILD JUJUBE

本试验以灰枣和小圆酸枣为主要试材,对枣和酸枣花粉的贮藏方法,发芽动态及发芽影响因子进行了较系统的研究。结果表明,枣和酸枣花粉在室温及低温干燥贮藏过程中,存在“短期被迫休眠现象”,其“低潮”出现在贮后11天左右,“复原”发生在贮后14天左右,“低潮”和“复原”程度因种而异。酸枣花粉的适宜贮藏方法是在低温(4℃和-8℃)干燥器中带花粉药贮藏,灰枣花粉短期贮藏(11天以内)以4℃带花最好,较找时间贮藏则以低温干燥为佳。酸枣花粉发芽和花粉管生长曲线均呈单“S”形,在含琼脂1％、蔗糖10％、硼酸0.01％的培养基上,于30℃,饱和汨湿度下培养2小时始见个别花粉萌发,2—8小果发芽率一直保持低水平,8小时后迅速上升,26小时后趋于稳定。枣和酸枣花粉发芽的适宜培养基成分为琼佛0.5—1％、蔗糖10～20％、硼酸25～50ppm。低浓度硼酸(100ppm以下)的主要作用是促进花粉管生长,而对发芽影响不大。高浓度硼酸(高于500ppm)抑制花粉发芽,5000ppm以上花粉被全部抑制。枣和酸枣的品种(类型)间花粉发芽率差异悬殊,高者达50％左右,低者在10％以下。单花不同发育阶段的花粉发芽率,枣以萼片展平至花瓣分离期最高。

The main materials of experiment are Huizao(Zizyphus jujube)and Xiaoyuansuanzao (Z. spinosus)etc. The method of pollen srorage,germinating developments and influencing factor of germination were studied in Chinese jujube and wild jujube. The resultes were shown as follows:The pollen stored in indoor temperature and lower tempera- ture'the appearance of compelled dormancy of short- term'The suitablestorage way of wild jujube pollen was lower temperature(4℃ and -8℃)and dry storage with anther.The short-term storage of Huizao pollenin 4℃ with flower was the best,the long- term storage was in lowertemperature and dry.The curves of pollen germination and growth of pollen tube in wild jujube were single 'S'type. The suitable culturemedium was agar 0.5-1%+surcrose 10-20%+boric acid 25- 50ppm. The pollengermination pervlcentage in Chinese jujube and wild jujube cultivars (forms)was a great disparity in difference.The pol- len germination, openand flat of calyx-petal segregate stage of single flower most high in Chinese jujube,and first segregation-open and flat was the most high in wild jujube.