包虫病试点县社会宣传教育效果综合评价

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Effectiveness of Health Education in Pilot Project Counties for Hydatidosis Control

通过对2045人问题答卷调查评价和硕县,呼图壁县和特克斯县1987～1991年社会宣教效果.全方位层次教育的宣教策略是成功的。人群对包虫病的认识和基本知识从防治前近似零上升到90.2%和92.2%.68.3%的人直接或间接从手术病人感受病的危害.三县70.2%的家庭养犬,农牧民养犬户为86.9%和96.6%.69.3%的家庭养畜。86.2%犬进行了登记.88.9%的犬栓养管理.67.0%的犬纳入驱虫.防治前,95%的家庭在屠宰时把病变脏器乱扔或喂犬,现养犬,养羊并家庭屠宰的家庭82%回答能正确处理.调查人群的84.2%(青少年83%)认为玩犬是危险行为。86.5%的家庭不让犬进屋。59.8%的学生在学校接受宣教。从卫生防疫部门和医院接受宣传的人占49.7%和25.5%.家庭对包虫病知识的传播影响较小。电视对社会宣传面最大(42.8%).广播媒介影响面最小(9.4%).多种宣传媒介可满足不同职业、层次人群的需求.学校教育的化费与效益之比为1:100。深化包虫病的宣传教育和强化行为规范的法制管理是促使人的认识与行为一致性的必要手段.

An evaluation of effectiveness of health education in the counties of Heshuo,Hutubi and Tekes in 1987-1991 was made by an investigation of questionnaires of hygienic knowledge on hydatid disease made on 2045 persons randomly sampled.The results showed that this all directions and all-strata strategy of propaganda and education was successful:the cogni tion rate in the masses rose from nearly zero prior to the beginning of hydatid disease control to 90.2%—92.2%.and 68.3% of the masses experienced the hazardness of the disease di- rectly or indirectly from patients who had been operated on. There were 70.2% of households,86.9% of peasant households and 96.6% of herds- man households in which dogs were kept,69.3% of households in which domestic animals were raised,86.2% of households which made registration of their dogs,88.9% of house- holds in which their dogs were tied and 67.0% of households in which their dogs were ex- posed to praziquantel.Before launching hydatid disease control,95% of households had the practice of throwing away casually the diseased visceral organs or discarding them to dogs at slaughtering,and after launching hydatid disease control,82% of households which kept dogs and sheep and made home slaughtering answered that they could dispose the diseased visceral organs in a right way.Of the masses surveyed,84.2%(mainly children and adoles- cents,83%)realized the risk of playing with dogs,and 86.5% did not allow their dogs to enter their houses. School health education on hydatid disease prevention covered 59.8% of student popula- tion,and those receiving health education from sanitary and anti-epidemic departments and from hospitals accounted for 49.7% and 25.5%,respectively.Family made little impact on spreading hygienic knowledge on hydatid disease prevention,but television broadcasting ex- erted a tremendous influence,and broadcasting had the minimum range of influence.The combination of various mass media met the requirements of people in different occupations and at different levels.The ratio of educational investment to the beneficial result was 1: 100. Deepening of propaganda and education on hydatid disease control and strengthening of the legal management of behavioral standards are the essential means of keeping consistency in recognition and action.