危害计算初论

A Primer on Risk Calculations

近年来,各项联邦法规,如有毒物质控制法、资源保护回收法、清洁大气法、清洁水法等都赋予美国环保局管理排入环境的有毒化学品的责任。为了有效履行这一职责,美国环保局首先必须决定,在正在使用和即将投入使用的成千上万种化学品中,哪些是有毒的。相对来说。

Assessing the chronic toxic effects of a chemical can be difficult and expensive. But here is a simple model for assessing cancer risks due to exposure to an environmental pollutant. The carcinogen potency factor is used to calculate the probability of cancer. The excess lifetime cancer risk is an estimate of the increased risk of cancer. which results from exposure to constituents at a given concentration. One in four Americans will have cancer.