工业能源利用效率:一项政策展望

Industrial Energy Efficiency: A Policy Perspective

在人类活动中使用能源对自然环境的影响最大。近年来没有比全球大气的变化对环境的威胁更严重的事了。人为的排放二氧化碳及其它人造气体正在增加大气中的温室气体浓度,特别是二氧化碳。每年剩余在大气中的碳至少有3/4是来自燃烧矿物燃料。世界的商品能源中至少有40％用于工业。工业部门在过去15年的能源政策实验中已经积累了重要的能源利用效率的经验。除了能源利用效率外,还没有别的工作能如此迅速地改进全球的能源状况。例如。

Policies that promote energy efficiency can work; but potential energy savings are unlikely to be realized without effective policy leadership. This article discusses the opportunities in several countries for increasing energy efficiency. Both'open' and centrally planned economies could be much more energy efficient. In the United States, for- example, the government needs to stimulate energy efficiency. This could be done by sponsoring research to develop new processes, creating favourable financial conditions for investment in efficiency, and making the advan- tages of energy efficiency technologies better known. International collaboration in sponsoring research and transfer technologies could be of the greatest impor- tance in improving energy efficiency in countries with centrally planned economies, including the Soviet Union, as well as in developing countries. Favourable conditions for achieving both economic development and environmental protection can be created through cooperation on the international level.