当代世界博物馆大发展的剖析

An analysis of the great development of modern museums throughout the world

本文从四个方面剖析当代世界博物馆的大发展运动。第一,从世界范围看,战后出现了一个博物馆大发展运动。这次大发展始于五十年代,终于八十年代,发展高峰居于六七十年代。第二,博物馆大发展中存在值得重视的若干驱动力:即大众旅游的兴起,终身教育的广泛发展,全球环境保护事业的急剧上马,保护世界文化遗产的紧急呼吁等。第三,博物馆大发展中数量与质量的矛盾,及各国通常采取的政策。第四,博物馆大发展中出现的若干新现象及所引发出的新思考、新冲突。

This paper analyses from four different aspects the great development of modern museums throughout the world. Firstly, there was a great worldwide development in the field of museums soon after the Second World War. It began in 1950s and ended in 1980s, and reached its high peak around the period between 1960s and 1970s. Secondly, the certain motive forces of the development, i.e. the rise of popular tourism; the widely enforcement of lifelong education; the rapid development of worldwide environment protection and the urgent appal to the preservation of world cultural heritage. Thirdly, the contradiction between quantity and quality during the museum development. The author discusses in his paper the phenomenon and nature of the contradiction, and expounds the related policies adopted by every country. Fourthly, the coexistent phenomena which happened in the great development of museums. It also explains the new thinking as well as the new conflicts aroused by these phenomena.