摘要
本文讨论了矿床形成的一些基本规律,包括地质重演律、成矿作用趋向律及矿床形成的复杂性。地质重演律表明较低层次的成矿作用是较高层次成矿作用的“缩影”,是高层次同类地质作用发展历史的简短重演。地质重演律是地质演化周期性和不可逆性的辩证统一。成矿作用趋同律,即在不同的地质作用过程中产生相似的、甚至相同的矿物形成物。“一定元素组合在一定的热力学环境中形成的矿物组合是一定的,而与其成因方式无关。”这一规律表明不同层次、不同成因的成矿作用受某种共同因素的支配,成矿具有方向性和目的性。矿床形成的复杂性,由矿质多来源、成矿多(长)期多阶段、矿床多成因的“三多”表现,可以得出两点认识:(1)随地质历史的演化,矿床是在愈来愈复杂的成矿系统中产生的;(2)矿床规模越大,形成时间越长,矿床的复杂性就越强。这几个有关矿床形成的基本规律,不仅对于成矿理论的发展有重要意义,而且具有重要的实际意义。
This paper has dealt with several basic laws concerning the formation of mineral deposits, including the law of geological re-evolution, the law of trend-to-same mineralizations and the complexity of formation of mineral deposits. The law of geological re-evolution shows that the lower-class mineralizations are the epitomes of the higher-class mineralizations and are the brief re-evolution of the same higher-class geological processes; and it is the dialectical unity of the geological evolution periodicity and irreversibility. The law of trend-to-same mineralization-the similar and even same minerals are produced in different geological processes, i.e.'the association of definite elements in definite thermodynamic environment produces the association of definite minerals, which is not related to its genesis', shows that different class and different genetic mineralizations are controlled by certain common factors and the mineralizations possess the features of orientation and purpose. The complexity of formation of mineral deposits is reflected in three aspects: polyderivation of ore-forming material, polyperiod and polystage of mineralization and polygenesis of mineral deposits, so two conclusions can be drawn: ① with the evolution of geological history mineral deposits are formed in more and more complex metallogenic systems; ②the bigger the scale of mineral deposit the longer the lime of mineralization and the greater the complexity of mineral deposit. These basic laws concerning the formation of mineral deposits not only make important significance in the development of melallogenic theory, but also make important practical significance.
