河北中南部地区2485例烧伤病人的发病调查与预防建议

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MORBIDITY OF 2485 CASES OF BURNS IN THE MID-DLE SOUTH REGION OF HEBEI PROVINCE AND SUGGESTIONS OF PREVENTION MEASURES

本文对我科1958年5月～1989年12月间收治的河北省中南部地区烧伤病人2485例,调查表明,男女之比约为3.9:1,5岁以下小儿发病率最高,占总数的30.91％,仅次于儿童的是21～25岁的青年人,占总数的20.85％。一年内发病率最高在6、7、8三个月,占全年总发病数的33.16％。致伤原因中以热液烫伤和火焰烧伤最高,分别占总数的44.39％和41.89％,导致Ⅲ度烧伤最多的是电损伤、钢铁水和热金属伤。烧伤部位以头颈部最多,占总数的43.82％,上肢次之,占40.80％。烧伤面积5％以下的比例最高,占总数的34.69％,其次为6～10％,占22.98％,11％以上者随面积增大,烧伤病例数渐减。职业分布以学龄前儿童居首位,占总数的31.75％,其中80％以上为农村儿童,95％以上为多子女;工人和农民仅次于儿童,分别占总数的17.54％和29.46％。通过2485例烧伤病人的发病调查分析:发现烧伤病人的性别、年龄、职业、季节、致伤原因、烧伤部位和面积都有一定的规律性,为进一步做好预防工作提供了依据。1.提高全民防火,安全意识已成为一个不可忽视的社会问题,呼吁有关部门切实加强和普及关于烧伤的宣传教育工作,加强预防为主的措施,努力提高业务技术水平,严格规章制度是避免事故发生的根本措施。2.小儿烧伤的预防,关键在于要坚持一对夫妇只生一个孩子这一?

2485 cases of burn in the Middle South Re-gion of Hebei Province had been admitted to the hospital in the period from May, 1958 to Decem-ber, 1989. Statistics for morbidity revealed: Male: female = 3.9:1. The highest morbidity was among children at the age below 5, accounted for 30.91 % of the total. The next was among the young peo-ple aging from 21 to 25, accounted for 20.85%. The highest incidence was found in June, July and August, accounted for 33.16% of the whole year. Scalding liguid and flame were the main causes of burns, accounted for 44.39% and 41.89% respectively. Third degree burns were mostly caused by electricity, molten iron and steel and hot metals. Burn in the cephalocervical part had the highest incidence, accounted for 43.82% of the total. Burn in upper limbs accounted for 40.8% Most of the burns had an area less than 5% TBSA, accounted for 34.69% 6 to 10% TBSA burns accounted for 22.89% Burns with an area exceeding 11 % had low incidence, the larger the area, the lower the incidence. As for occupational distribution, the greatest risk was in the preschool children, accounted for 31.75%, among which more than 80% were in the rural areas and more than 95% of the burned belonged to families hav-ing many children. The next greatest risk of burn was in peasants and workers, accounted for 29.46% and 17.54% respectively. On the basis of the data mentioned above, the authors suggested that for prevention of burn.it is necessary; 1, to heighten people's con-sciousness of fire prevention. The authors ap-pealed the departments concerned to carry out ac-tive propaganda to improve the knowledge of burn prevention among the masses. 2, To prevent burns in children, it is important to adhere to the policy of one child for a married couple, so that the parents can give the child the best of care. 3, The key to the prevention of chemical burns is to strengthen the safety education and to keep the production and the use of chemicals in line with regulations and rules and to raise the technical level of the workers.