中国地质灾害类型的划分与减灾对策的战略分析

THE CLASSIFICATION OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARD AND THE STRATEGICAL ANALYSIS OF DISASTER REDUCTION COUNTERMEASURE IN CHINA

本文对中国地质灾害的类型进行了较全面的划分,并对比它们之间相对损失的大小,从而概略估计损失数字,同时,介绍了它们的现状,最后对我国地质灾害减灾的对策,进行了战略分析讨论。

There are four kinds of geological hazard in China, (1) induced by external kinetic geological action, (2) induced by internal kinetic geological action, (3) the diseases of engineering project induced by unfavorable media, (4) induced by human activity. The total economic loss of these four is about 200 hundred millions yuan per year, and the loss of the kind of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd is about 50 hundred millions yuan per year, 120 hundred millions yuan per year and serveral thou-sand millions yuan per year respectively. Among these loss relating to human activity is about 130 hundred millions yuan per year.Accordance with the demand to control the hazards with reduction of 30% after 10 years and the benefit of the hazard reduction is 1 : 40-1: 20. Therefore, the plunging capital will be 1. 5-3. 0 hundred millions yuan per year.The order of sequence to control the geological hazard will be the first-that induced by mankind activity, the second-that induced by unfavorable media, the third-that induced by in ternal kinetic geological action and the last -that induced by external kinetic geological action is the most difficult to control.The control measure for them also according to the order of sequence as following; regulate the rule to force people correctly treat the relationship between environment and human, correctly prospect and prove the construction of engineering project, especially the large one before they are constructed, establish the excellent warning system for all kinds of geological hazard.