高原低氧对胎儿生长发育的影响

EFFECTS OF HIGH ALTITUDE OXYGEN DEFICIENCY ON PREGNANT WOMEN AND FETUS GROWTH

本课题研究主要内容是探讨高原地区影响胎儿生长发育的主要因素。临床分四组进行对比观察。结果吸氧加营养组效果最好,其新生儿出生体重较对照组平均增加128g,吸氧组增加108克,营养组增加74克,新生儿身长、双顶径等指标都有相应增加,胎盘功能以及胎盘组织学吸氧组有明显改善;本组研究结果提示高原低氧是影响胎儿(?)长发育的主要因素,故在孕后期给孕妇吸氧和加强营养是可以促进胎儿生长发育,缩短与平原的差距。

In order to find out the major factors of affecting the pregnant women and fetus growth at high altitude,the women at 32 weeks of pregnancy in clinic were divided into four groups: group A, control group of 160 women; group B,185 women given oxygen for 6 weeks, 1 hour/day, 2 litres/ minute; group C, 154 women given special nutritional supplies for 6 weeks 125g/day;group D,164 women given oxygen and a special diet like group B and C. Three standards for fetus growth were chosen. The average birth weight of the newborns in group D was 128 grams. Boby length was 2.51 cm and biparietal diameter was 0. 24cm over control group. (p<0. 05 to 0. 01). For group B,average weight increased 108 grams (p<0. 01),body length increased 0.03cm(p<0. 05),and biparietal diameter increased 0. 14cm (p< 0. 05). For group C, weight , boby lenth,and biparietal diamerer increased 74 grams ,0.03 cm,and 0. 15cm respectively (p< 0. 05). In group D the incidence of small gestation age was 7.5% (18.75% lsee than the control) ; large gestation age was 7.5% (2.5% higher than the control); and incidence of mature low weight infants was 5% (11.2% less than the control). The placent function of urine E: E/C and HPL in group D was higher than control group. The placenta histoloicg changes: optical and electron microscope obser- vations revealed that villus capillary endothellium cells were hyperlastic and that tube cavities were narrowed. Cel- luloselike necrosis of the villus was characteristic of high altitude. These condition showed improvement for fetus growth in the uterus. ElectrocardiOgraphic exam showed arrhythmia increasing in pregnant women at high alti- tude as compared to women living at sea level. That affected indirectly on fetus growth. All the results demon- strated that oxygen deficiency at high altitude is a major factor affecting fetus growth.