湖南油茶林害虫群落组成及其物种多样性

Pest community composition and species diversity in Camellia oleifera forest of Hunan

于2011年7月～2012年8月采用定点调查法对湖南省主要油茶产区油茶林害虫物种多样性进行了调查。初步记录油茶害虫112种,隶属于7目41科,以鳞翅类害虫种类占绝对优势,并记录油茶主要害虫10种,其中以以茶籽象甲Curculio chinensis、茶角胸叶甲Basilepta melanopus、茶小卷叶蛾Archips orana和茶长卷叶蛾Homona magnanima发生数量较大;通过对不同月份采集数据进行统计发现,以5月油茶害虫出现种类最多达到47种,5月和9月份油茶林害虫发生数量较大;对不同类型油茶林害虫调查发现,以油茶低改林昆虫物种丰富度指数最高,但其优势度指数最小;而油茶新造林虽然具有较高的昆虫多样性系数,但其优势度较大(达到0.057 8),主要由茶角胸叶甲、广西灰象Sympiezomias citri、柑橘斜脊象甲Platymycteropsis mandarinus等集中发生引起,因此针对油茶新造林虫害的发生和防治应引起重视。

By using point survey method,an investigation was conducted on the species diversity of oil-tea pest in the main Camellia Oleifera forest areas of Hunan Province from June 2011 to August 2012.As results,a total of 112 species of pests belonging to 7 orders 41 families were recorded,in which Lepidoptera was the biggest order,and Curculio chinensis,Basilepta melanopus,Archips orana,Homona magnanima,Sympiezomias citri,Platymycteropsis mandarinus,Geisha distinctissima,Ricania speculum,Prodenia litura were the dominant populations.Oil-tea pests occur maily in May and September in the areas,and the richness index in May was the highest.The richness index in transformed low-yeild forest was 75,but which has the lowest dominance index.The species diversity of pest was higher in new plantation than other study areas,yet its dominance index was also higher,which was caused by Basilepta melanopus,Sympiezomias citri and Platymycteropsis mandarinus concentrating in the area.Therefore,more attentions should be paied to occuring and controlling of pests in new plantation.