海南果蔬实蝇种类、地理分布及危害调查

Survey of species,geographical distribution and damage of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Hainan,China

作者于2009~2012年对海南省各县市果蔬实蝇种类和地理分布、代表性热带水果和瓜菜种植园果蔬实蝇优势种、重要果实蝇寄主及危害情况等进行了深入调查和研究。研究结果表明,目前海南已知果蔬实蝇种类共计21种,其中18种属于双翅目(Diptera),实蝇科(Tephritidae),寡鬃实蝇亚科(Dacinae),果实蝇属(Bactrocera Macquart),3种属于寡鬃实蝇属(Dacus Fabricius);查明了海南省果蔬实蝇种群的地理分布特点,明确了广布于全岛的橘小实蝇(B.dorsalis(Hendel))、瓜实蝇(B.cucurbitae(Coquillett))和南亚果实蝇(B.tau(Walker))是最具有重要经济意义的种类,共记录了其寄主植物包括35种果蔬经济作物;橘小实蝇是热带果园的优势种,是导致各类果树作物,尤其是莲雾、番石榴和杨桃等鲜果大幅减产的主要害虫。同时,广布于全岛的瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇二者同是瓜菜园的优势种和造成葫芦科、茄科、番木瓜科和西番莲科等作物果实严重减产的主要害虫。为保障本地果蔬种植业的发展,必须实施综合防治实蝇害虫的措施以减轻其危害。

An extensive survey of species,geographical distribution and damage of fruit flies(Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Hainan Province of China was conducted during 2009-2012.Eighteen species belonging to Bactrocera Macquart and three species belonging to Dacus Fabricius have been identified.Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel),B.cucurbitae(Macquart) and B.tau(Walker) are widespread and the most economically significant fruit flies in the island.Thirty five host plants for these tropical fruit flies have recently been recorded.B.dorsalis(Hendel) is recognized as a dominant species in tropical orchards and the major pest for causing enormous losses to fresh fruit production,especially to Syzygium samarangense,Psidium guajava and Averrhoa carambola.B.cucurbitae(Macquart) and B.tau(Walker) are dominant species in vegetable gardens and considered as major pests for Cucurbitaeceae,Solanaceae,Caricaceae and Passifloraceae.To protect the local fruit and vegetable industry,integrated control measures for these major pests should be considered.