庄子与柏拉图音乐美学观之比较

A Comparative Research on Music Aesthetic Views of Zhuangzi and Plato

庄子和柏拉图是中西方美学的代表人物。他们的音乐美学观体现了中西方音乐文化的融会贯通和差异所在。两人分别把"道"和"理念"作为音乐的本质和来源,但是二者产生的途径、存在的形式等都具有差异性。在论述"美"与"善"的关系时,两人都引入了"真"这一范畴,但是"真"的含义却不尽相同。同时,庄子认为善在美中,而柏拉图则认为美在善中。两人都把"自然"作为音乐的标准之一,但是论及音乐的最终标准时,庄子主张最好的音乐是"无乐",而柏拉图则认为音乐应该反映"善"。两人都注重音乐对于人身心的陶冶作用,分别提出了"近道说"和"净化说"。两人的音乐美学观中所体现出来的对自由和善的向往对于当代音乐的发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Zhuangzi and Plato are the representative of Chinese and western aesthetics respectively.Their music aesthetic views reflected the digesting and differences of Chinese and western cultural.'Tao' and 'Idea' were the nature and source of music in the aesthetics of Zhuangzi and Plato and they had differences in the ways to product,the forms and the places to exit.As to the relationship of 'goodness' and 'beauty',Zhuangzi and Plato had introduced the category of 'truth',but the meanings of 'true' were not the same.Zhuangzi thought 'goodness' was included in beauty,while Plato thought oppositely.They regarded 'nature' as one of standards of music.When expounding the essential standard,Zhuangzi asserted the best music is 'the music with no sound',and Plato believed music should reflect 'goodness'.They both valued the good effects of music on people’s body and mind.Zhuangzi presented theory of 'approaching Tao' and Plato put forward theory of 'purifying the mind'.The yearning to free and goodness reflected in the music aesthetic views of Zhuangzi and Plato has an important theoretical and practical significance for the development of contemporary music.