日本国立大学法人化改革及启示——以东京大学为例

The Legal Personalization Reform of National Universities in Japan and Its Enlightenment

日本《国立大学法人法》规定,日本国立大学设置董事会、经营协议会和教育研究评议会,分别审核并决策有关学校的发展规划、管理经营和教育研究等方面的重大事项。校长是董事会会长,也是经营协议会和教育研究评议会的议长。我国公立大学可借鉴日本国立大学法人化改革做法,制定大学章程,依法办学;实行目标管理,改变大学与政府的关系;设立董事会(理事会),吸收校外人士参与大学管理;改善党委的领导,加强校长的权力与责任;实施经营性资产管理,释放办学活力,从而建立中国特色的大学法人治理结构。

According to "the National University Legal Personal Law" in Japan, national universities set up the board, management council, and educational research council, which respectively decides on major issues related to development project, management, research and education. The principal is the president of the board and also the speaker of councils of management and educational research. Based on the experience of legal personalization reformation in Japanese national universities, a reasonable scope is provided for Chinese national universities. It suggests formulating university charters and running school according to educational rules;It applies target management to improve the relationship between universities and governments; It needs to establish the board of directors by absorbing external members to participate;It improves the leadership of party committees to strengthen principal’s power and responsibility;It also implies the operational asset management to release of the energy of school running, and to build a governance structure of legal personal in modern universities with Chinese characteristics.