国外鱼雷防御问题评述(四) 鱼雷防御系统中不断出现的硬杀伤能力

Emerging hard kill capabilities in torpedo defence systems

鱼雷防御可以采用软杀伤和硬杀伤两种对抗手段。现在大多数鱼雷防御系统还是软杀伤型的系统——使用诱饵或干扰器干扰潜艇的目标指示,去误导或打断鱼雷的制导机制。但软杀伤并不能对抗某些类型的鱼雷,加上大部分先进的现代鱼雷都具有反对抗措施,导致软杀伤防御的有效性在降低,需要开始更多地关注能够消除威胁的硬杀伤系统。现代水面舰艇鱼雷防御系统中正在不断增强对来袭鱼雷的硬杀伤能力。反鱼雷鱼雷、火箭深弹、拦截网、爆炸式声诱饵等都是用于鱼雷防御的硬杀伤手段,对相关硬杀伤技术进行了分析和回顾。

There are two different kinds of measures against torpedo attack:soft kill and hard kill effectors. Most of the current anti-torpedo defences are 'soft kill' systems-decoys or jammers designed to interfere submarine's targeting and to mislead or disrupt torpedoes' homing mechanisms. But soft kill is not effective against some types of torpedoes. And the most sophisticated torpedoes have anti-countermeasures techniques that also reduce the value of soft kill defences. As a result, there is a growing focus on 'hard kill' systems that can eliminate the threat. Anti-torpedo torpedo(ATT), depth charge, torpedo net defence (TND), hard kill decoy et al. are all hard kill measures against torpedo attack. The related anti-torpedo hard kill technologies are discussed and surveyed in this paper.