潞安集团煤矸石山植被恢复植物多样性研究

Study on the Plant Recovery and Plant Diversity of the Montain around Lu'ann Coal Mine

选取潞安集团四大矿区煤矸石山植被为研究对象,探究煤矸石对植物多样性的影响。采用定点观测、实地试验等方法,研究该地植物多样性。据统计常村矸石山共有植物22种,属11科,21属。在该区单种科6个,优势科(含5种及以上)有1个,为菊科。从属的组成上看,含1种的属19个。王庄矸石山共有植物18种,属10科,18属。在该区单种科有6个,单种属有18个。五阳矸石山共有植物15种,属7科,13属。在该区单种科有5个,优势科有1个,为菊科,单种属有12个。漳村矸石山共有植物9种,属5科,9属。在该区单种科有3个,单种属9个。分析得出,该区的单种科和单种属占优势,且草本植物居多,植物群落缺乏多样性。生态恢复要因矿制宜,据各矿区自身情况,从实际出发,合理制定规划目标和措施目标。

The vegetations of four coal gangue mountains around the major mining area of Lu'an groups,Changcun,Wangzhuang,Wuyang and Zhangcun,were studied to determine the effects of coal gangue on plant diversity using fixed-point observation and field trials methods.According to the statistics results,the mountain of Changcun,possessed 22species which belonged to 11genera and 21families,including six single-species families and one dominant family(consisted with 5and more species),Compositae.There had 19genera in which only one species was found.In Wangzhuang site,18species were found which belonged to 10families and 18genera,including six single-species families and 18singly-species genera.In Wuyang site,it included 15species which belonged to seven families and 13genera,including five single-species families;one dominant family which was Compositaeand 12 single-species genera.In Zhangcun site,there were nine species which belonged to five families and nine genera,including three single-species families and nine single-species genera.Analysis showed that plants in single-species family and single-species genera were dominant in the area and herbal plants were the majority which indicated that the diversity of phytocoenosium in those areas was weak.The study results showed that the plant recovery of the coal gangue area highly depended on the site ecosystem itself.The reasonable objectives and measured way should be proposed respecting the local conditions.