佛道为表 儒家为里——从“二十七界说”解析谭嗣同《仁学》的哲学思想

Buddhism and Taoism Outside While Confucianism Inside——On the Phiosphical Thought of Tan Sitong's Benevolence by the 27 Definitions

谭嗣同是近代中国建构哲学体系的第一人,他的哲学思想体系集中表现在《仁学》一书中。《仁学》的哲学思想又集中表现在"二十七界说"中。"二十七界说"思想明确,有其佛学的外表,但其内核仍是融摄儒佛道三家而归宗于儒,实为他追求的"通"或"一"的观念作一个哲学的说明,而"通"或"一"乃是谭嗣同致力于伦理、政治上"平等"观念的哲学依据。所以,通过"二十七界"说,即可剖析出谭嗣同《仁学》的哲学思想实质,即佛道为表,而儒家为里。

Tan Sitong is the first person who wanted to build a system of philosophy in Modern China.His system is focused on his book Benevolence,and the thought of Benevolence on the 27 Definitions.The thought of the 27 Definitions is clear,Buddhism and Taoism outside while Confucianism inside.He combinated Confucianism、Buddhism and Taoism in one,which core is the tradition Confucianism.He wanted to give the concept'Tong'or'Yi'a philosophical explanation,and'Tong'or'Yi'is the philosophical basis of the concept of 'equality'in ethics and politics.So,from the study to the 27 Definitions,we can see that the essence of Tan Sitong's Benevolence is just like that with Buddhism and Taoism outside while Confucianism inside.