基于接触非线性的车-路耦合系统动力响应分析

Dynamic response of a vehicle-road coupled system based on non-linear contact

采用四分之一车辆模型和三维线弹性沥青路面模型,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,将车、路有限元模型通过接触单元联系在一起,进行了接触非线性瞬态求解。分析了车辆匀速行驶过一段路面时车-路耦合系统的动力响应特点。通过修改系统参数,计算分析了行车速度、路面平整度、基层模量、轮胎刚度、轮胎阻尼、悬架刚度、悬架阻尼等七个参数对车-路耦合系统动力响应的影响。最后分析了车-路耦合系统的共振问题。结果表明:在文章给定的路面结构组合下,最大纵向拉应力和最大横向拉应力均出现在基层和底基层结合处,容易导致疲劳破坏的产生;沥青面层层底剪应力是导致其破坏的主要原因;控制协调好车-路耦合系统中的各个参数,对提高路面寿命和行车舒适性有重要意义;车-路耦合系统的共振问题不容忽视。

A quarter-vehicle model and a 3D linear elastic model of an asphalt pavement were established. The finite element models of vehicle and road were connected by using contact elements of the software ANSYS. The contact non-linear transient solving was conducted. The dynamic response characteristics of the vehicle-road coupled system were analyzed when a vehicle ran a short distance at a uniform speed. By altering system parameters,the effects of system parameters including vehicle velocity,pavement roughness,base module,tire stiffness,tire damping,suspension stiffness and suspension damping on the dynamic response of the system were calculated and analyzed. Finally,the system resonance analysis was performed. The results showed that under the pavement structure given here,both the maximum longitudinal tensile stress and the maximum lateral one appear in the joint region of base and sub-base,they can cause fatigue damage; the failure of asphalt concrete is mainly caused by shear stress; the appropriate system parameters are very improtant for improving road life-time and driving comfortableness; the resonance of the vehicle-road coupled system should not be ignored.