加油机溢流阀流体振动噪声分析与优化

Analysis and improvement for noise and vibration of a relief valve in a gasoline pump system

为解决加油枪出油量小时,加油泵溢流阀内流体振动并产生噪声的问题.按照实际溢流阀的结构和参数,建立了溢流阀内部流场的三维模型,应用计算流体动力学计算软件Fluent并结合动网格技术模拟加油泵溢流阀的动态特性,分析得出由于泵流量脉动引发溢流阀阀芯来回震荡是加油泵系统振动并产生噪声的主要原因.为提高阀性能对阀芯与阀体的配合间隙进行优化,分析了环缝尺寸δ对溢流阀的动态特性的影响.结果表明,配合间隙尺寸δ=0.1 mm时溢流阀运动更加平缓,流量脉动降低.实验研究也表明δ取值为0.09 ～0.1 mm时溢流阀的噪声可由85 dB(A)降至70dB(A).通过仿真与实验结果对比,进一步肯定了该方法的可行性,其结论和方法对后续研究工作具有一定的参考意义.

In order to improve a gasoline pump's small refueling cavity, and the whole pump system vibration and noise problem, a relief valve three-dimensional model for the internal flow field was established according to its structure and parameters. The flow field of the relief valve was studied with the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent, the moving mesh grid technology UDF was used to study the valve's dynamic characteristics. Through analysis, it was shown that the relief value spool ossillation due to the flow fluctuation causes the pump system vibration and noise. To improve the value's dynamic behavior, the fit clearance between the spool and the value body was optimized, the effect of the girth type size δ on the dynamic behavior of the relief value was analyzed. The results showed that when the fit clearance size δ is equal to 0.1mm, the relief value motion is more gentle, the flow fluctuation drops. The test results indicated that when δ is in the range of 0.09~0.1mm, the noise of the relief value drops from 85 dB (A) to 70dB (A). Comparing the simulation results with the test ones, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified. The study results provided a reference for further studying.