黑龙江省大型企业技术创新效率及影响因素分析

Determinants of large enterprises' technological innovation efficiency in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省作为中国的老工业基地之一，近年来不断显现出“产业衰退”的迹象。为走出困境，需要对黑龙江省制造业企业的创新效率及其影响因素展开研究，并提出改进方案。在实地调研的基础上，以黑龙江省为例，选取2007～2010年间20家大型企业作为经验研究对象，在DEA-Tobit两步法的框架下，讨论地方企业技术创新效率及其影响因素。黑龙江省作为老工业基地，地方大型企业在技术创新效率上表现出较大的差异性，产生差异的原因可以从企业规模、人力资源状况和科研活动等3个角度探寻。实证研究表明，地方政府在制定创新政策时，不应简单地以企业规模为标准，而应以提高企业人力资源素质为核心目标，以完善“政府-企业-高校”创新网络为核心手段，进而通过协同创新提升企业的技术创新能力，推动自主创新。

As one of the traditional industrial bases in China, Heilongjiang has been showing signs of industry reces-sion in recent years. For getting out of predicament, we need to study the innovation efficiency of manufacturing in-dustry in Heilongjiang province and its influencing factors, and put forward the improvement solution. On the basis of on-the-spot investigation, taking Heilongjiang province as an example, 20 large enterprises during 2007 to 2010 were chosen as empirical research objects, and in the framework of two-step method of DEA-Tobit, the authors dis-cussed local enterprises'technological innovation efficiency and its influencing factors. As for local large enterprises in Heilongjiang province, there exists large difference in technological innovation efficiency, and the reasons for it can be explored from three points of view, namely the enterprise scale, the condition of human resources and scien-tific research activities. Empirical studies show that when the local governments are making their innovation poli-cies, they should not only be made simply according to enterprise scale, but also be made with the core target of improving the quality of human resources, as well as with the core means of improving the innovation network of“government-enterprise-institution of higher learning”, and thereby to increase enterprises'technological innovation ability by cooperative innovation, and promote independent innovation.