新疆海岛棉育成品种表型性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits of the Self-cultivated Sea Island Cotton in Xinjiang

[目的]揭示新疆海岛棉自育品种选择的技术路线、方法和特点,提高育种效率.[方法]选用32份新疆自育海岛棉品种,采用统计分析和举例分析相结合.[结果]随着育种年代的不断推移,产量性状有很大程度的改良,16个表型性状中单株结铃数的遗传多样性指数最高,达到了2.6,其次为株高,遗传多样性指数最低的是花柱高度仅为0.43,随着育种年代的推移纤维品质在不断地改良,欧式遗传距离变幅在1.03～9.52,平均距离为4.325,遗传距离最大的两个品种是新海6号和新海36号为9.52,最小的为和新海14号新海20号为1.03,聚类分析表明32份海岛棉可以聚为四大类.[结论]新疆海岛棉品种遗传基础比较狭窄,亲缘关系较为接近,核心亲本的使用较为普遍.

【Objective】The aim of this study was to reveal the screening technical routes,methods and characteristics of the self- cultivated Sea Island Cotton in Xinjiang,and to improve the breeding efficiency. 【Method】Statistical analysis and example analysis were used. 【Result】With continuous passage of breeding age,yield trait was improved greatly. Genetic diversity index of the boll number of per plant was the highest in 16 phenotypic traits,which reached 2. 6,followed by plant height,the genetic diversity index of the style height was the lowest,only 0. 43. With the passage of breeding age,fiber quality was constantly improved, the change range of European genetic distance was between 1. 03 and 9. 52,the average distance was 4. 325, the genetic distance of Xinhai 6 and Xinhai 36 were the largest,reaching 9. 52,the genetic distance of Xinhai 14 and Xinhai 20 were the smallest,which was 1. 03. Cluster analysis showed that 32 copies of Sea Island Cotton could be clustered into four categories. 【Conclusion】Genetic base of Sea Island Cotton of Xinjiang is relatively narrow,genetic relationship is close,and the core parents are more commonly used.